Gynecomastia can be caused by hormonal changes (imbalance of oestrogen and testosterone), certain medications, underlying medical conditions (such as liver or kidney disease), obesity, or genetics.

Gynecomastia can affect males of all ages, from infancy to adulthood. It is particularly common during puberty and in older men due to hormonal fluctuations.

Recovery time varies, but most patients can return to work and light activities within a few days to a week. Strenuous exercise and heavy lifting should be avoided for several weeks. Compression garments are often worn to help reduce swelling and support the healing tissues

Scarring depends on the surgical technique used. Incisions are typically placed in inconspicuous areas such as around the edge of the areola or in the natural chest creases. Scars tend to fade over time but their visibility varies among individuals.

In most cases, the results of gynecomastia surgery are permanent, especially if the underlying causes (such as hormonal imbalance or certain medications) are addressed. Maintaining a stable weight and avoiding factors that can cause gynecomastia recurrence can help sustain results.

Swelling and bruising are common after surgery, so final results may not be immediately apparent. It can take several weeks to months for swelling to fully resolve and for the chest contours to settle. The final results are usually seen around 3 to 6 months after surgery.

Your surgeon will provide specific pre-operative instructions, which may include avoiding certain medications that can increase bleeding risk, quitting smoking, and maintaining a stable weight. It's important to follow these instructions carefully to ensure a smooth surgery and recovery.

Yes, gynecomastia surgery can sometimes be combined with liposuction in other areas of the body (such as the abdomen) or with procedures like abdominoplasty (tummy tuck) if desired and appropriate. This can be discussed with your surgeon during the consultation.